The PlayStation Glossary:

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Ad-hoc
The network process of connecting one device directly to another.

BSOD
Short term for 'Blue Screen of Death'

bricked
(Often) premanently damaged Device. Usually caused by interrupting the update or experimenting with the flash files.

CFW
Short term for 'Custom Firmware'. An unofficial system software that takes place of official firmware provided by Sony. CFW adds various functions, such as ability to run homebrews, ISO backups or plugins.

CEX
Target ID for consumer grade firmware found in retail devices

CMA
Means "Content Manager Assistant" to copy files from an to your PS Vita.

Cobra ODE

DateCode
It's a number of the year and quartal your device was build in.

Decrypt
If you decrypt something, you remove the security protection of it.

DevHook
Device Hook, or DevHook for short is a revolutionary piece of homebrew that allows you to emulate any firmware without actually installing it. A guide to getting DevHook working can be found here.

DEX
The Target ID of a Developer device that enables debugging.

Downgrade
To return a device's firmware to an older version (e.g. from 6.61 to 6.20).

DRM free content
Meaning "without digital rights management".

eCFW / CEF
This is the short term of 'Emulator Custom Firmware'

eLoader
A loader that lets you run unsigned code on your device.

Emulators / emulation
A program that allows to run programs/apps/games of one platform on another platform. (e.g. NES emulator for PSP)

Encrypt
The process of encoding information so it can't be changed then used

Exploit
Makes running unsigned code possible.

E3 flasher
Is a hardware tool used to downgrade PS3 Consoles.

FTP
File Transfer Protocol since 1985

Hello World
It's a simple program or 'Proof of Concept' showing that running unsigned code is possible.

Homebrew
Self programmed none official programms.

Homebrew loader
Lets you load Homebrews in User Mode level.

Kernel
The most basic level or core of an operating system, responsible for resource allocation, file management, and security.

Kernelmode
Programms run with access to all available functions.

kxploit
Means Kernel exploit.

Leak
Happens way to often. :|

Makefile
Makefiles hold key informations that are used to actually turn your source code into a programm.

MIPS
Means "Microprocessor without interlocked pipeline stages" and is basically machine code.

Modchip
A small chip that can be used to trick a device to for example think you have an authentic game.

NAND
The Flash Memory that the PSP uses is called NAND Flash

NAND-Dump

OFW
This is the short term of 'Official Firmware'

PARAM.SFO files
File containing parameters about the game such as remote play, resolution, firmware minimum version required for a game, region lockout, etc.

PoC
Means "Proof of Concept". It is used by developers to show that something works, generally created after an exploit.

QCMA
Custom "Content Manager Assistant" for your PS Vita developed by COdestation.

QSP BugThis bug can occur when you transfer too many files using FTP.

Recovery Menu
A menu with restoring options and additional settings.

Root
Simply means the main directory (speaking of memory cards).

SDK
Means a "Softare Developement Kit" for programming

support_uri calls
Means Uniform Resource Identifier.

Usermode
Programms run under user rights with access to user functions.

UMD
Stands for "Universal Media Disc." It is Sony's proprietary format and is used for games and movies intended for play on the PSP (PlayStation Portable) handheld console.

VSH
VShell or Virtual/Visual Shell

WebKit
WebKit is the engine for displaying web pages in web browsers.

XMB
Xross media bar - Graphical Interface User designed as a cross. Used on the OS on PSX, PSP and PS3 and few other Sony Products.

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.ELF files
Executable and Linkable Format, used for games in all successors of the PS1 (PSP, PS Vita, PS2, PS3 and PS4).

.ISO files
Basically it's a digital copy of a Disk.

.PBP files
The PSP/PS3's form of .EXE (executable file)

.PMF files
Sony's game video format. Example: the PSP Gameboot.

.PKG files
Package file format used to install games, software/homebrew.

.PRX files
A file that contains important system functions, or a system plugin designed for use on custom firmwares.

.SELF files
Secure ELF files used for games in all successors of the PS1 (PSP, PS Vita, PS2, PS3 and PS4).